| Materials : UN ESCAP documents Text Version of a
presentation:
Promotion of employment and income-generation activities among PWD
Reference presentation
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Slide 1Promotion of
employment and income-generation activities among PWD – ILO convention/resolution
Presented by
Kozue Kay Nagata, Social Affairs Officer, Population and Social Integration Section, ESID,
UNESCA
Workshop on Women and Disability: Promoting Full Participation of Women with
Disabilities in the Process of Elaboration of an International Convention to Promote and
Protect the Rights and Dignity of Persons with Disabilities
18-22 August 2003
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2 Who are main actors?
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3International
labor standards and guidelines
ILO international labor standards and guidelines
- Convention No. 159 – Convention concerning vocational rehabilitation and employment
(disabled persons) dated June 1983
- Recommendation No. 168 – Recommendation concerning vocational rehabilitation and
employment (disabled persons) dated June 1983
- Recommendation No. 99 – Recommendation concerning vocational rehabilitation of the
Disabled dated June 1955
Other UN guidelines
- Rules 7 & 8, The Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons
with Disabilities
- UNECAP Biwako Millennium Framework for Action Toward and Inclusive, Barrier-Free and
Rights-Based Society for Persons with Disabilities in Asia and the Pacific
National law sample
- American with Disabilities Act (USA)
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| 4 ILO international labor
standards and guidelines
- 1. Convention No. 159 – Convention concerning vocational rehabilitation and
employment (disabled persons) dated June 1983
Binding for the governments ratified the Convention
- Legal instrument
- Reporting obligation of implementation
- 2. Recommendation No. 168 – Recommendation concerning vocational rehabilitation and
employment (disabled persons) dated June 1983
- Supplementary to the Convention, and actual guidelines for implementation
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| 5 Definition:
Disabled Persons defined as an individual whose prospects of securing, retaining and
advancing suitable employment are substantially reduced as a result of a duly recognized
physical or mental impairment |
| 6 Principle:
Disabled persons should enjoy equality of opportunity and treatment in respect of
access to, retention and advancement in employment, which, as much as possible,
corresponds to their own choice and takes account of their individual suitability
for such employment |
| 7 Measures to be taken
- Create job opportunities on the open labor market, including financial incentives (tax
concession, grants, etc. to employers) to employers, and reasonable workplace adaptation;
- Sheltered employment for those whose access to open employment is limited;
- Government support to vocational training, vocational guidance, and placement services
for disabled persons run by NOGs
- Encourage establishment of co-operatives for disabled persons (mainstreaming, better);
- Barrier free and obstacles free transport and building
- Provision and adequate means of transpiration to and from places of rehabilitation and
work;
- Exemption of Levy of taxes for training materials and assisting devices for disabled
workers;
- Provision of part-time employment and other flexible job arrangements;
- Research and the possible application of participation of disabled woerks in ordinary
working places;
- Government support to elimination of the potential for workers within the framework of
sheltered employment;
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| 7a Measures to be taken
(continuation)
- Provision of all kinds of training (literacy, daily skills, etc.) relevant to vocational
rehabilitation;
- Provision of aids, devices and personal services for PWD to secure, retain and advance
in employment;
- Community participation in vocational rehabilitations services in both rural and urban
communities (CBR);
- Informing PWD their rights and opportunities to the employment;
- Cooperation of all parties concerning, particularly PWD themselves;
- Integration of disability concerns in mainstream community development;
- Provide loans, grants, and tools for help PWD and establish cooperatives;
- Staff training;
- Collaboration of employers’ and workers’ organizations, with PWD and self-help
groups to formulate policies on employment and vocational rehabilitation
- Encourage participation of PWD and self-help groups in development of community services
aimed at vocational rehabilitation;
- Government support to promote development of organizations of PWD and their involvement
in vocational rehabilitation and employment services, including provision of training.
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| 8 Employment quota scheme: a
certain % of their workers should be PWD
Japan – Law for employment promotion for disabled persons:
Employment quota scheme (1.6 % the private sector, and 1.9-2.0 % for national
and local public agencies). Compliance rate of about 50% for the private sector and
nearly 100% for the public sector, combined with
The levy of 50,000 Yen (US$ 400) per disabled worker not employed;
Grants to those establishments with more than the quota to improve facilities;
Tax concessions, and/or other forms of grant to encourage hiring more PWD. |
| 9 Supported employment:
To individuals with relatively severe disabilities for whom competitive employment does
not naturally occur --- Job coaching, and “Enclave” (England) to provide PWSD in
the mainstream placement services.
Hong Kong – mainstreaming and integration of PWD, with intensive efforts towards
positive public attitudes.
Sheltered employment:
Heavily subsidized before, but now shifted to “production workshop schemes”.
Establishment of production workshops in a small-scale work setting for severely disabled
workers.
China: 70% of PWD with working abilities are employed, some of them work in
“welfare factories”, some of them are very productive for export earning. It is
reported that there are 40,000 welfare factories employment some 700,000 PWD. For
employees with more than 35% of employers as PWD, income taxes are exempted.
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| 10 CBR: Community participation,
with the full use of community workers,teachers, social workers, local craftsmen, farmers,
and together with PWD and their families
Indonesia: More than 300 community workshops are operating, training over 8,000 PWD
annually.
Self-employment (often most effective in poor countries)
Self-employment of an individual disabled person
Cooperatives or group business enterprises (often powerful means of empowerment
of PWD)
Supporting mechanisms, such as promoting their access to credit (micro-financing),
access to value added market (e.g. fair trade, Green food product, Internet home
page based marketing, etc.), accounting and management skills, and business
networking.
ICT
Computer literacy skills, access to ICTs, and home page based marketing strategies.
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| 11 Self-Employment (most powerful and
effective form of employment in many poor countries)
Training in:
- Various skills, management, basic book keeping and accounting, marketing including
alternative, value added marketing (such as green food, fair trade, internet homepage
shop, etc.
- Access to: credit (capital), tools, materials, human resources (including social
capital);
- Support through:
- Capacity building (training);
- Technical advisory service:
- Marketing support, etc.
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| 12 Warning:
It is a mistake to assume that there is a simple solutions to the problems.
Problems are complex, too:
- Insufficient skills’
- Transportation problem;
- Family demands and self-reliance;
- Unrealistic job aspirations;
- Prejudice;
- Lack of awareness among employers and workers’ unions, etc.
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| 13 Bibliography
ILO international labor standards and guidelines
UN guidelines
National law sample
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