Programme :
Presentation
Global and regional partnerships to alleviate poverty among persons with
disability
Presented by Clinton E. Rapley
Director of Planning Services
Associates for International Management Services
Slide 1
UN ESCAP/CDPF Field Study cum Regional Workshop on Poverty Alleviation
among Persons with Disabilities
Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China, 25-29 October 2004
Global and regional partnerships to alleviate poverty among persons with
disability
Clinton E. Rapley – Director of Planning Services
Associates for International Management Services
2
Presentation Agenda
- Policy bases for global and regional efforts to promote partnerships
for poverty alleviation
- Issues in building partnership for disability inclusive poverty
alleviation
- Globalization and poverty alleviation
3
Building global partnerships
- Achieving the Development goals of the UN Millennium Declaration will
require global partners.
- Development goal 8 : develop a global partnership for development
- Target 12. Develop an open, rule-based, predictable and
non-discriminatory trading and financial system
- Target 13. Address special needs of least developed countries (in
terms of tariff- and quota-free access; debt relief; and more generous ODA
for countries committed to poverty reduction)
4
Building global partnerships (2)
- Development goal 8, targets continued
- Target 14. Address special needs of landlocked and small island
countries
- Target 15. Deal with debt problems of developing countries so that
debt is sustainable in the long term
- Target 16. Develop and implement strategies for decent and productive
work for youth
- Target 17. Provide access to affordable, essential drugs in developing
countries, in cooperation with pharmaceutical companies
- Target 18. Make available the benefits of new technologies, especially
information and communications, in cooperation with private sector
5
Building regional partnerships for full participation and equality
- BMF includes strategies for collaboration and cooperation at
sub-regional, regional and interregional levels
- Strategies 11 and 12. Sub-regional cooperation and collaboration
strategies focus on establishment of sub-regional mechanisms to support
governmental action related to BMF targets and strategies; and
establishment of focal points to coordinate sub-regional activities in the
field of disability.
- Strategies 13 to 16. Regional collaboration strategies focus on
cooperation with APCD for training; and establishment and development of
networks among centres of excellence – which could profitably build upon
the Asia Pacific Disability Forum.
- Strategy 17. Interregional collaboration focuses on interregional
exchanges of knowledge and experience with the Africa and Western Decades
of Persons with Disability.
6
Possible priorities for cooperation and collaboration in support of BMF
- In a review of regional action to implement BMF Governments and NGOs
were asked to identify top three priorities among BMF priorities and
strategies
- Governments identified disability statistics first priority; and CBR
third priority; no clear second-ranked priority area.
- NGOs identified international convention first priority and assistance
to develop self-help organizations a close second priority; early
intervention and poverty alleviation are third priorities.
7
Building partnerships for disability inclusive poverty alleviation
- Global targets for partnership focus on macroeconomic variables, which
provide means to achieve social objectives of development, namely improved
levels of living, sustainable livelihoods and social cohesion
- Regional targets focus on institutional aspects of furthering the BMF
goals of an inclusive, rights-based and barrier-free society for persons
with disability
- An evident role for increased public, civil society and private sector
partnership concerns reinforcing the disability perspective in
macroeconomic policy decisions, investment decision on human capital
formation, and environmental sustainability as well as accessibility
decisions, whose combined results will have direct impact on poverty
alleviation.
8
Effecting new partnerships for poverty alleviation
- A new partnership disability inclusive poverty alleviation requires
fresh thinking and non-traditional approaches to policy design and
evaluation.
- Disability inclusive poverty alleviation is based on the premise that
disability is normal; persons with disability are not inherently
vulnerable; environmental accessibility prevents exclusion and ensures
full and effective participation for all
- Effective and equitable poverty alleviation policies must be coherent
and disability inclusive
- Evaluation of poverty alleviation policies must involve end-users and
be accessible to their needs and capacities
9
New partnerships for poverty alleviation: role of intergovernmental
bodies
- United Nations: an intergovernmental organization, a non-sovereign
entity whose functions are performed in pursuit of mandates of the Member
States.
- Intergovernmental bodies – General Assembly, for instance –elaborate
negotiate and adopt international policy instruments that address
trans-national conduct. The instruments set forth norms and standards on
desired conduct, priorities for action, and agreed areas where actions by
Governments are to be harmonized, international cooperation pursued and
international machinery employed to further objectives.
- Competent intergovernmental bodies must provide policy guidance and
set priorities for disability inclusive poverty alleviation if this is to
be an integral component of macroeconomic and social policy decisions
10
New partnerships for poverty alleviation: role of intergovernmental
organizations
- Two principal sets of tasks for substantive secretariats that support
intergovernmental policy processes: (1) policy analysis, formulation and
development, and (2) evaluation.
- Once an international instrument is adopted, substantive secretariats
promote public awareness and monitor implementation by Governments as well
civil society involvement.
- Maintenance of consistency of obligations identified in the
instrument, a related secretariat task, involves dissemination of
information and periodic reporting.
- Substantive secretariats may be requested by Governments to provide
technical information, undertake applied research, prepare technical
guidelines on application of norms and standards, and provide direct
advisory services.
- Substantive secretariats undertake periodic norm enforcement tasks in
the form of reviews of application by Governments of international
instruments in terms of progress achieved and obstacles encountered. Norm
enforcement functions range from moral suasion in concerned
intergovernmental bodies, action by treaty bodies and Charter-based
judicial activities of the International Court of Justice.
11
New partnerships for poverty alleviation: institutional considerations
- Need for improved planning and coordination action plans and budgets
for poverty alleviation to reinforce the disability perspective at all
levels
- Need for improved consultation and collaboration on preparation of
technical documentation and evaluation studies to reinforce the disability
perspective
- Need for increased disability inclusive technical cooperation in
activities of the United Nations system
- Need for expanded role of self-evaluation better to assess disability
inclusive poverty alleviation
12
New partnerships for poverty alleviation: organizational decision points
- Partnerships that contribute to the policy process involve several
decision points:
- Decision point 1. Identify the issue – disability inclusive poverty
alleviation – formulate options to address the issue and obtain commitment
for action
- Decision point 2. Collect and analyze data on the issue
- Decision point 3. Develop policy options in the light of findings of
data analyses
- Decision point 4. Present policy options to concerned officials;
follow up with deliberative and decision processes
- Decision point 5. Participate in implementation of policy when adopted
- Decision point 6. Self-evaluation of policy implementation
13
Globalization and poverty alleviation
- Globalization: beneficial to world-wide development or threat to
levels of living and livelihoods in countries?
- Globalization: refers to increasing integration of economies around
the world, particularly through trade and financial flows. It results from
innovation, technological change and social progress.
- Increased integration of trade and financial flows has not benefited
countries proportionately and resulted in greater concentrations of income
and wealth in some countries.
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Globalization and poverty alleviation (2)
- Globalization demonstrates that growth initially is uneven but that
countries that have invested in infrastructure (physical capital) and in
people (human capital) have achieved significant increases in levels of
living and well being
- Globalization has also introduced issues of governance,
accountability, transparency and rule of law in macro economic and social
policy decisions.
- See also: “Globalization: Threat or Opportunity?” (IMF Staff Paper,
April 12, 2000 / January 2002) <http://www.imf.org/external/np/exr/ib/2000/041200.htm>;
Wolf, Martin (2004). Why Globalization Works (Yale University Press, New
Haven and London); “We the people; the role of the United Nations in the
twenty-first century; report of the Secretary-General” (A/54/2000) <http://www.un.org/millennium/sg/report/index.html>.
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