Why the disability-inclusive approach is important?

By Prof. Kim Hyung Shik
Korean Society for Rehabilitation of Persons with Disability

Text version of a PowerPoint presentation

Slide 1

UN ESCAP Regional Workshop on Comprehensive National Plan of Action on Disability - Towards the Mid-point Review of the Biwako Millennium Framework for Action Bangkok, 19-21 October 2005

Why the disability-inclusive approach is important?

By Prof. Kim Hyung Shik
Korean Society for Rehabilitation of Persons with Disability

To locate Disability Development in the context of Economic Developments
DID Framework Presented

3 & 4

Disability Agenda and Economic development Models

Agenda for Disability Development		Agenda for Economic Developments
1	1971, Declaration on the Rights of Mentally Retarded Persons (UN)	1	1960~70 The First decade od UN Development
1		2	1970~80 The Second Decade of UN Development
2	1975 Declarations on the Rights of Disabled Persons (UN)	3	1980s Era of Social Development
2	1975 Declarations on the Rights of Disabled Persons (UN)	4	New International Economic Order
3	1981 International year of Disabled Persons (UN)	5	Development with Human Face From Redistribution after Growth to Redistribution with Growth Meeting Human Needs
4	1982 World Programme of Action Concerning Disabled persons (UN)	5
5	1983-1992, Decade of Disabled Persons (UN)	6	1985 Copenhagen Social Summit
6	3 December, 1992 International Day of Disabled Persons	7	The Lost Decade of Development
7	1993, UN Standard Rules on the equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities	8	1990s Sustainable Economic & Social Development
7		9	The Decade of Broken Promises
8	2002~UN Convention on Disability Rights	10	2000. MDGs
9	BMF/Osaka Declaration	11	2002 Development Summit

Arnstein's Ladder of Participation

Ladder - see d-link for description d

Framework of DID - see the d-link for more detail. d

Table 1. Distribution of Disability Population

	Thousands (000)
Asia	367,580(60%)
Africa	81,247(13%)
Europe	72,846(12%)
Latin America	52,923(9%)
North America	31,497(5%)
Pacific & Oceania	3,095(1%)

Source: UN Population Division, World Population Prospects: 2004 Revision

8 & 9

C-1 Political Prerequisites

	Political Strategies	Check-list/indices for as seen from BMF[8]
1	Areas for co-operation	a) Increase the level of consultations between PWD�s SHOs and diverse sectoral ministries, civil societies & private sector. b).
2	Areas for campaign	a) Action to increase representation of PWDs in all areas of public life. b). Rights for decent work, education, & health.
3	Areas for contest	a) Maximum grass-roots participation of PWDs. b) Inclusion of PWDs for economic mainstream
4	Identify potential/new actors/stakeholders	a) Formation of parents associations at local levels by 2005, at the national level by 2010.
5	Identify areas for coalition/collaboration with DPOs/NGOs/civil society	a) Inclusion of PWDs in the decision-making processes. b) Ratify the Vocational & Employment of Employment Convention by 2012.
6	Legislative/policy development	a) Establishment of a policy review panel. b) Anti-discrimination law.

10 & 11

C-2 Technological Prerequisites

	Technological Strategies	Check-list/indices
1	Adoption of Appropriate/Intermediate Technology	a) Co-operative Development and Production. b) CBR. c) Adoption of Universal and Inclusive designs.
2	Empowerment	a) Capacity-building for SHO. b) Develop Indices for Self-determination, Self-respect, & creation of equal opportunities for PWDs. b) Training for participative development & decision-making. c) Training of PWDs for developmental roles. b) De-centralize & de-professionalize development process. d) Experts for Policy Making, Implementation and Evaluation, preferably PWDs. e) Increase membership of mainstream gender organizations
3	CBR	a) Develop mechanisms for mutual support, advocacy & referral for rural PWDs. b) Technical training for CBR. Leadership
4	Develop Indices of feasible/adequate material standards of living	a) Safety-nets and national minimum. b) Ensure self-sufficiency of disabled households, local neighborhood, & regional economic self-sufficiency

C-3 Prerequisite for Resources

	Resources Strategies	Check-list/indices for
1	Human, Material, Financial, & Political resources, including social support	a) Securing allocations from Govt. NGOs and International organizations.
2.	Networking & Inter-Agency Collaboration	a) Global-national funding bodies, eg). ODA, tapping foreign aids, development grants, etc. b) Develop links with Social Enterprises/ Entrepreneurs.

D-1 System Constrains

Cultural-Ideological Constraints	Basic social and political values, willingness of the system to accept DID, Public attitudes toward the people with disability
Political Constraints	Intra & Inter departmental power & authority: Heath and Social Affairs: Welfare services, pension, social safety-nets Labor: Employment and training Education. Law : Anti discrimination legislation Transport and Construction: Access and mobility, housing Economics: budgetary allocations
Operational Constraints	Attention to the inter-play of politics

14 & 15

Table II-1 Expansion of Disability Categories & Minimum Living Standard Protection

Objectives	Areas for Implementation		Checks
*Expansion of Disability categories*	Continuous Expansion of Disability Categories	1. First stage expansion	O
		2. Third stage expansion	X
		3. Redefinition of �severe� disability	X
	Improving Disability Registration System	4. Rational merging of overlapping disability categories	X
		5. Fair treatments for all types of disabilities	X
		6. Improvements in disability assessments & registration procedures	X
*Minimum Living Standard Protection*	7. Introduction of disability pensions allowances 8. Minimum living protection for PWDs 9. Housing support		X
			X
			X
	10. Child care		O
	Tax Concessions	11. Various concessions	O
	Tax Concessions	12. Expansion of tax relief for PWDs	X

16-19

Table II-3 Disability Employment

Objectives	Implementations	Checks
*Disability Employments*	1) Expansion of compulsory employment (quota system)	O
	-Expansion of target industries/employers -Rationalization of exemptions by occupational categories	O
		O
	2) Rational and flexible operations of quota system	O
	- Differential applications of penalties - Introduction of measures to improve employment of persons with severe disability -	O
		X O
	3) Guidance for implementation of quota system	O
	-Public sector guidance -Private sector guidance	O
	-Public sector guidance -Private sector guidance	O
*Anti-discrimination and protection of women�s rights*	1) Enforcement of anti-discrimination measures	O
	2) Strengthening of site inspections for target industries	X
	3) Protecting women�s right to work & creation of work opportunities	O. X
*Finding jobs in competitive open markets*	1) Diversification of occupational categories	O
	2) Support for model industries for employing multiple number of workers with disabilities	O
	3) Creation and support for self-employment/business	O
*Creation of jobs with value-added potentials*	1) Strengthening customized training	O
	2) Disability-suited training	O
	3) Training programs for people with advanced academic & intellectual skills	X
	4) Training quality improvement for rehabilitation centers and special schools	X
	5) Consolidating training role of the public training facilities	O
*Matching Supply-Demand for Disability Employment*	1) Establishment and improvement of employment assessment centers	O
	2) Improvements in job placement services	O
	3) Strengthen pre & post employment support services	X
	4) Deployment of disability intern services	O
*Incentives for Employers*	1) Introduction of rewards systems	O
	2) Support for re-employment of the injured workers	X
	3) Financial support for modifications of work sites	O
	4) Tax exemptions/concessions	X
*Improving Policy Infrastructures*	1) Redefinition of Korea Employment Agency for Disabled Workers	O
	2) Establishing linkages with causes of disability and vocational services	X
	3) Deployment of placement specialist and effective management	O
*Securing* *Funding/budgets*	1) General revenue from the Government	O
	2) Social insurance component	X
	3) Utilization of collected penalties	O

*Improving welfare services for Persons With Disabilities*	1) Expansion and systemization of sheltered workshops	O
	2) Strengthening productive elements in vocational rehabilitation centers & upgrading facilities	O
	3) Individualized vocational training through vocational assessment	O
	4) Initiating new projects to match the emerging disability areas and employment support	X
	5) Vocational rehabilitation specialist training and in-service training	O

Enactment of the �Mobility Disadvantaged Persons� Act� has been the focal point in this aspect of policy, and qualitative and quantitative developments are expected in 2006 when the Act will be implement in full force. The development will include door-to door services as well as �accessible� omni buses.

Table II-4 Access & Assistive technlogies

Objectives	Implementation	Checks
*Access Facilities& Barrier-free Environment*	1) Establish regional special transport unit	X
	2) Improving access to urban train networks	O
	3) Improving omnibus access for PWDs	O
	4) Improving access at airport, train and greyhound terminals	X
	5) Improving public transport information services	X
	6) Improving pedestrian footpaths and licensing system	X
	7) Improving access/transport regulations affecting PWDs	O
*Development & Supplies of Assistive technologies*	1) Improving the quality of assistive devices	O
	2) Improving manufacturing, delivery & services for Assistive devices	O
	3) Encouraging developments for AT/AD	X
*Promotional Activities*	Establish comprehensive plan for action
	Professionalizing delivery of access services
	Plans for persons with hearing & visual disabilities
	Enhancing political participation

20-21

Table II-5. Information Technology & ICT

Objectives	Implementation	Checks
Advocacy for Importance of ICT	ICT related public campaign	O
Advocacy for Importance of ICT	Publicity to encourage participation in ICT education	O
Promoting Participation through ICT	Expansion of educational programmes	O
	Expansion of distance education programmes	X
	Intensification of personal support visits	O
Improving overall ICT Access and Environment	Creation of IT based job opportunities	X
	Expansion of IT competence certifications	O
	Support for IT based business ventures	O, X
	Establish IT research center	X
	Standardization of Korean sign languages	X
	Supply of IT terminals/hardwares	O
	Support DPOs� IT infrastructures	O
	One stop services and expansion of portal sites	O
	Commencement of text-based telephone services for the hard of hearing and deaf persons	O,X

22-23

Table II-6. Early Intervention (Education)

Objectives	Implementation		Checks
*Educational Opportunities under* *Inclusive*	*Public images on disability & Assesment for Special Education*	1) Public consciousness of disability	0
		2) Expansion of categories special education	0
		3) Systemaize early dection	0
		4) Development of diagnostic instruments for special education	0
	*Gurantees for* *Balanced Educational Opportunitie*s	1) Mobile services for early dection (homes, schools, care centers, schools, etc)	0
		2) Expansion of support for early childhood education	0
		3) Support for families of child with disability	0
		4) Expansion of special school classes	0
		5) Expansion of special schools	0
		6) Reduction of student numbers in special school classes	0
*Environment*	Expansion of inclusive *Education*	1) Diversification of operations of special schools	0
		2) Placement of special ed. teachers in normal schools	x
		3) Improving access facilities in normal schools	0
	*Tertiary Education*	1) Improving access at University campuses	0
		2) Disability support units in tertiary campuses	0.x
		3) Expansion of opportunities for tertiary edu	0
		4) Expansion of continuing education

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D-Links:

Arnstein's Ladder of Participation. Picture of ladder with eight rungs. The bottom two rungs, 1 and 2 are Manipulation and Therapy, which are considered non-participation. Rungs 3 to 5 are Informing, Consultation, and Placation, which are considered Token Participation. The top rungs, 6 to 8 are Partnership, Delegated power and Citizen control, which are considered Citizen Participation.

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Framework of the DID. A complex diagram. boxes showing social, political, demographic, economic and cultural/regional contribute to A. Disability Issues. The issues box points to the BMF Priorities for Inclusive, Barrier-free, Rights-based society. This branches out to a "B" branch and a "C" branch. The B branch consists of these boxes in sequence: SHO, Women, Early Intervention, Employment and Training, Access to Env. Transport, Access to ICT, and Povery/Capacity-building. The C branch consists of these boxes in sequence: DID Strategies, a. Political Support, b. Technological, and c. Resources. Both B and C branches are connected through an "interface". At the bottom of the diagram is D. System Constraints, consisting of cultural, political/structural, and operational constraints. The System constrains provide Feedback and Monitoring for the BMF priorities.

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Main	Programme	Materials	Online	Bangkok

	Regional Workshop on Comprehensive National Plan of Action on Disability - Towards the Mid-point Review of the Biwako Millennium Framework for Action towards an Inclusive, Barrier-free and Rights-based Society for Persons with Disabilities in Asia and the Pacific (BMF) Bangkok, Thailand, 19-21 October 2005

Why the disability-inclusive approach is important?